A radar level transmitter mounted on the top of a stainless tank
Instruments / Level

Six level technologies, from open sumps to pressurised vessels.

Pick by what you're measuring and the medium it sits in. Radar is the default for tanks. Ultrasonic for sumps. Hydrostatic for slurry. Guided-wave for foam, interface, or narrow vessels.

6 technologies4-20 mA · HART · Modbus
What we mean by level

The right technology depends on the vessel as much as the medium.

A tank-level reading sounds like one problem. In practice it is at least four: clear-liquid in a large open-top tank, foamy liquid in a process vessel, slurry in an open sump, and pressurised condensate in a boiler. Each one wants a different sensor.

We size against the geometry as well as the medium. Vessel diameter, nozzle dimensions, agitator presence, vapour conditions, and required accuracy all narrow the technology choice. The recommendation comes with the quote.

Sub-types

Six technologies, when to use each.

  1. 01

    Radar, 26 GHz

    General-purpose tank level; clear liquids; long-range

    Most common. Forgiving of foam, vapour, and temperature swings

  2. 02

    Radar, 60 / 80 GHz

    Narrow nozzles, small vessels, agitated liquids

    Tighter beam angle, sharper near-field; premium price

  3. 03

    Ultrasonic

    Open channels, sumps, simple water tanks; non-contact

    Affordable; affected by foam and temperature gradients

  4. 04

    Hydrostatic submersible

    Open wells, sumps, slurry pits; bottom-of-tank submersion

    PTFE or PVDF body for chemical duty; high-temp variants available

  5. 05

    Guided-wave radar

    Interface measurement, foamy or steamy media, narrow vessels

    Probe extends into the medium; immune to vapour interference

  6. 06

    Differential pressure

    Pressurised vessels, boilers; level inferred from DP cell

    Use when radar/ultrasonic cannot reach (sealed pressure vessels)

Specifications

The shared spec floor.

Standard signal outputs
4 to 20 mA with HART, Modbus RTU (RS485)
Measurement range
0.1 to 100 m depending on technology
Accuracy
±3 mm (radar), ±2 mm (guided-wave), ±0.25% FS (hydrostatic)
Process connection
Flanged ANSI / DIN, thread, or sanitary tri-clamp
Materials
316L, PTFE, PVDF, Hastelloy C for chemical duty
Temperature range
Process duty to 250°C, antenna to 80°C ambient
Hazardous area
ATEX zones 0, 1, 2 variants available on most types